FreedomOfSpeech- Majlis Keselamatan PBB telah mengadakan rundingan berkenaan dengan penyiasatan yang menjatuhkan penerbangan Malaysia Airlines MH17 di timur Ukraine tahun lepas, dengan ahli-ahli majlis, walaupun terdapat beberapa perbezaan pendapat dan tekanan propaganda, mencari titik persamaan.
"Saya berpuas hati dengan hasil perbincangan itu, walaupun sudah tentu kita memang mempunyai perbezaan pendapat dengan rakan-rakan Barat kami," utusan PBB Vitaly Churkin memberitahu media selepas mesyuarat Isnin ini. "Media ini sedang mewujudkan suasana tekanan propaganda berat. Tetapi meskipun keadaan ini, saya rasa keinginan di kalangan Majlis Keselamatan untuk mengelakkan menyertai dalam propaganda, dan bukannya untuk membantu siasatan yang akan membawa kepada perbicaraan mahkamah."
Menurut Churkin, Moscow menyampaikan dokumen draf sendiri yang bertujuan untuk "memperkukuhkan" siasatan yang sedang dijalankan oleh pakar-pakar Belanda, serta mengeksploitasi "potensi yang terletak pada resolusi 2166."
Walaupun tiada keputusan kukuh telah dicapai semasa sesi pintu tertutup, duta-duta, menurut Churkin, tinggal rundingan dengan niat untuk terus mendapatkannya "penyebut biasa" dan mungkin menggabungkan draf Rusia dan Malaysia.
Awal bulan ini draf resolusi Malaysia menggesa Majlis Keselamatan PBB untuk mewujudkan tribunal antarabangsa, dan untuk mengklasifikasikan kemalangan itu sebagai ancaman kepada keamanan dan keselamatan. Semasa perbincangan tertutup antara majlis 15 anggota kedua-dua draf, Churkin berkata delegasi Rusia disimpan menegaskan bahawa penciptaan tribunal antarabangsa bukan sahaja terlalu awal tetapi juga tidak ditetapkan dalam Piagam PBB.
"Kami terus mengulangi satu perkara yang benar-benar jelas, bahawa Majlis Keselamatan PBB tidak boleh melibatkan diri dalam penciptaan mahkamah jenayah, sebagai inisiatif Malaysia memerlukan. Ia bukan sebagai hak berkanun Majlis Keselamatan untuk mewujudkan mahkamah jenayah dan membawa mereka di bawah tajuk ancaman kepada keselamatan antarabangsa, "kata Churkin.
Churkin berkata walaupun "beberapa polemik" sememangnya telah mendengar daripada "rakan-rakan Barat" semasa perbahasan hari ini, ia adalah penting bahawa Majlis Keselamatan tidak melibatkan diri dalam "permainan propaganda politik" daripada membuat langkah-langkah nyata untuk menyiasat tragedi itu.
Berputar Presiden Majlis, New Zealand Duta Gerard van Bohemen agak bersetuju dengan penilaian Churkin yang memanggil sebagai "Perbincangan sangat positif."
"Terdapat sokongan yang kuat di dalam bilik untuk penubuhan tribunal. Rusia sudah tentu mempunyai perspektif yang berbeza mengenai perkara ini, "katanya kepada pemberita. Moscow telah dinasihatkan menunggu Keselamatan Lembaga Belanda untuk melepaskan laporan akhir mereka pada kemalangan itu, yang dijangka pada bulan Oktober 2015.
Moscow calls for greater UN involvement in MH17 crash investigation, not ‘political propaganda game’
The UN Security Council has held consultations on the investigation of the downing of Malaysian Airlines flight MH17 in eastern Ukraine last year, with council members, despite some disagreements and propaganda pressure, seeking common ground.
“I am satisfied with the outcome of the talks, though of course we did have disagreements with our western colleagues,” UN envoy Vitaly Churkin told the press after the Monday meeting. “The media is currently creating an atmosphere of heavy propaganda pressure. But despite this climate, I felt a desire among the Security Council to avoid joining in the propaganda, and instead to help with an investigation that will lead to a court hearing.”
According to Churkin, Moscow presented its own draft document aimed at “strengthening” the investigation which is being conducted by Dutch experts, as well as exploiting “the potential which lies in the resolution of 2166.”
Although no solid results were reached during the closed door session, ambassadors, according to Churkin, left the talks with an intention of continuing to seek a “common denominator” and possibly combining the Russian and Malaysian drafts.
Earlier this month the Malaysian draft resolution called on the UN Security Council to create an international tribunal, and to classify the crash as a threat to peace and security. During the closed-door discussions among the 15-member council of the two drafts, Churkin said that the Russian delegation kept insisting that the creation of international tribunal was not only premature but also not prescribed in the UN Charter.
“We kept on repeating a completely obvious thing, that the UN Security Council should not engage in the creation of criminal courts, as the Malaysian initiative calls for. It’s simply not a statutory prerogative of the Security Council to create criminal courts and lead them under the rubric of a threat to international security,” Churkin said.
Churkin said that while “some polemics” were indeed heard from “Western colleagues” during Monday’s debate, it was important that the Security Council did not get involved in the “political propaganda game” instead of making real steps to investigate the tragedy.
Rotating President of the Council, New Zealand Ambassador Gerard van Bohemen somewhat agreed with Churkin's assessment calling it a “very positive discussion.”
“There was strong support in the room for the establishment of a tribunal. Russia of course has a different perspective on this,” he told reporters. Moscow has advised waiting for the Dutch Safety Board to release their final report on the crash, expected in October 2015.
FreedomOfSpeech- Serpihan
Al-Quran yang dipercayai tarikh kembali ke zaman Nabi sendiri telah ditemui
oleh University of Birmingham.
Analisis
radiokarbon bertarikh manuskrip kembali kepada antara 568 dan 645 AD,
menjadikannya berusia sekurang-kurangnya 1,370 tahun dan salah satu yang paling
kuno yang wujud.
Halaman
dari teks suci Islam, asalnya ditulis pada kulit biri-biri atau kambing, telah
berada di perpustakaan universiti selama hampir 100 tahun sebelum ditemui dan
dianalisis oleh penyelidik PhD.
Mereka
pada mulanya disimpan dengan satu lagi Quran manuskrip temuan balik ke abad
ke-7.
Koran
fragments found in Birmingham library
‘may date back to Prophet’s life’ (peace
and prayers
Of Allah be upon him) . . .
Fragments
of the Koran believed to date back to the time of the Prophet himself have been
found by the University of Birmingham.
Radiocarbon
analysis dated the manuscript back to between 568 and 645 AD, making it at
least 1,370 years old and one of the most ancient in existence.
Pages
from the holy Muslim text, originally written on the skin of a sheep or goat,
had been in the university library for nearly 100 years before being discovered
and analyzed by a PhD researcher.
They
were initially kept with another Koran manuscript dating back to the 7th
century.
Ujian
berikut di Unit kaedah radiokarban Accelerator Oxford University, penyelidik
serpihan manuskrip bertarikh kepada kira-kira era yang sama dengan Nabi
Muhammad, yang secara meluas dipercayai hidup antara 570 dan 632 AD.
Pakar
manuskrip Perpustakaan British Dr Muhammad Isa Waley memanggilnya penemuan
"menarik." Para penyelidik berkata serpihan beberapa bukti yang
paling awal al-Quran yang wujud.
Dokumen
itu adalah sebahagian daripada manuskrip Timur TengahMingana Collection universiti.
Pengarah
Universiti Birmingham koleksi khas Susan Worrall berkata: "radiokarbon temuan
telah menyampaikan hasil yang menarik, yang menyumbang dengan ketara kepada
pemahaman kita tentang salinan terawal bertulis daripada Al-Quran. Kami amat
gembira bahawa apa-apa dokumen sejarah yang penting di sini di Birmingham,
bandar yang paling pelbagai budaya di UK."
Profesor
David Thomas, profesor agama Kristian dan Islam, berkata penemuan itu akan
membolehkan penyelidik untuk mengkaji Al-Quran pada tahun-tahun pengasas Islam.
"Temuan
radiokarbon daripada folio Birmingham, Al
Quran telah menghasilkan keputusan yang mengejutkan dan mendedahkan salah satu
rahsia yang paling mengejutkan koleksi Universiti. Mereka juga boleh membawa
kita kembali ke dalam masa beberapa tahun pengasas sebenar Islam.
"Menurut
tradisi Islam, Nabi Muhammad menerima wahyu yang membentuk Al-Quran, kitab suci
Islam, di antara tahun 610 dan 632, tahun kematiannya," katanya.
Following
tests at the Oxford University Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, researchers dated
the fragments of manuscript to roughly the same era as the Prophet Muhammad,
who is widely believed to have lived between 570 and 632 AD.
British
Library manuscript expert Dr Muhammad Isa Waley called the discovery
“exciting.” Researchers said the fragments were some of the earliest evidence
of the Koran in existence.
The
document is part of the university’s Mingana Collection of Middle Eastern
manuscripts.
University
of Birmingham’s director of special collections Susan Worrall said: “The
radiocarbon dating has delivered an exciting result, which contributes
significantly to our understanding of the earliest written copies of the Koran.
We are thrilled that such an important historical document is here in
Birmingham, the most culturally diverse city in the UK.”
Professor
David Thomas, professor of Christianity and Islam, added that the discovery
would allow researchers to study the Koran during the founding years of Islam.
“The
radiocarbon dating of the Birmingham Koran folios has yielded a startling
result and reveals one of the most surprising secrets of the University’s
collections. They could well take us back to within a few years of the actual
founding of Islam.
“According
to Muslim tradition, the Prophet Muhammad received the revelations that form
the Koran, the scripture of Islam, between the years 610 and 632, the year of
his death,” he added.
FreedomOfSpeech- Setahun yang lalu, penerbangan Malaysia Airlines MH17 telah dijatuhkan
ke atas wilayah konflik yang melanda Ukraine. Tragedi ini mengejutkan DUNIA dan
keluarga yang terjejas banyak negara2.
Hari
ini, serpihan masih boleh ditemui di kawasan sekitar kemalangan dan siasatan,
diselubungi rahsia, masih belum mencapai kesimpulan muktamad.
RTD
bercakap kepada saksi, pakar-pakar dan ahli keluarga penumpang MH17 dalam usaha
untuk memahami sama ada kebenaran apa yang menyebabkan tragedi itu akan pernah
diwujudkan.
MH17-
A year without truth RT - Documentary
A year ago, Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was brought down over the territory of conflict-torn Ukraine. This tragedy shocked the world and affected families in many countries. Today, debris can still be found in the area around the crash and the investigation, shrouded in secrecy, still hasn’t reached a definitive conclusion. RTD talks to witnesses, experts and family members of MH17 passengers in a bid to understand whether the truth of what caused the tragedy will ever be established.
Sudah
setahun sejak penerbangan Malaysia Airlines MH17 tragis terhempas di timur
Ukraine, membunuh semua 298 penumpang. Probe ke dalam bencana telah lembap dan
berahsia, mengisi spekulasi mengenai siapa yang jatuhkan pesawat dan mengapa.
17
Julai 2014: MH17 dijatuhkan di timur Ukraine
Penerbangan
Malaysia Airlines MH17 meninggalkan Amsterdam pada 00:14 waktu tempatan dan
sedang menuju ke Kuala Lumpur dengan 283 penumpang dan 15 anak kapal pesawat
Boeing-777.
MH17
downed in Ukraine: What has happened in 365 days since the crash . . .
It has
been a year since Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 tragically crashed in eastern
Ukraine, killing all 298 passengers on board. Probes into disaster have been
sluggish and secretive, fueling speculation concerning who brought down the
plane and why.
July
17, 2014: MH17 downed in eastern Ukraine
The
Malaysian Airlines flight MH17 left Amsterdam at 12:14 local time and was
heading to Kuala Lumpur with 283 passengers and 15 crew members onboard a
Boeing-777.
Here is my picture of Malaysia Airlines 9M-MRD taking off from Schiphol today. My thoughts are with pax and crew. (Berikut adalah gambar Malaysia Airlines saya 9M-MRD berlepas dari Schiphol hari ini. Fikiran saya dengan pax dan anak-anak kapal) 12:03 AM - 18 Jul 2014
Malaysia
Airlines terputus hubungan dengan kapal terbang kerana ia terbang di timur
Ukraine, yang telah melanda dalam konflik ketenteraan. Pesawat itu telah
dijangka memasuki ruang udara Rusia pada 17:20 waktu tempatan, tetapi ia tidak
berjaya. Pesawat itu hilang dari radar, terbang pada ketinggian 10,000 meter
(33,000 kaki).
Malaysia
Airlines lost contact with the plane as it flew over eastern Ukraine, which had
been engulfed in a military conflict. The aircraft was expected to enter
Russian airspace at 17:20 local time, but it never made it. The plane
disappeared from radar, flying at an altitude of 10,000 meters (33,000 feet).
Ia cepat menetapkan bahawa pesawat itu terhempas berhampiran bandar Ukraine timur Torez, yang terletak di rantau Donetsk.
It was quickly established that the aircraft had crashed near the eastern Ukrainian town of Torez, which is located in the Donetsk region.
Tidak
lama sebelum gambar ngeri kemalangan yang mula muncul di media sosial. Penduduk
tempatan yang menyaksikan tragedi itu, menyifatkan pengalaman mengerikan
daripada menyaksikan mayat2 jatuh dari langit dan bahagian-bahagian badan
pesawat pesawat masih terbakar.
Aleksandr,
seorang penduduk tempatan, memberitahu RT dia mendengar "raungan dan 2
letupan." Dia pergi keluar untuk melihat apa yang berlaku. "[I]
melihat kapal terbang berputar tanpa sayap dengan sesuatu yang jatuh daripada
itu. Pesawat itu telah ditembak jatuh, "katanya. "Ada letupan di
langit. Dan selain dari bunyi yang kuat dari pesawat itu sendiri, saya
mendengar buzz yang dibuat jet pejuang."
18
Julai 2014: Permainan menyalahkan bermula
Sebelum
apa-apa penyiasatan tentang punca kemalangan itu boleh dilancarkan, beberapa
ahli politik dan media Barat cawangan bermula terang-terangan menuduh Rusia -
atau apa yang mereka namakan "pemberontak pro-Rusia" menembak ke
bawah pesawat dengan peluru berpandu permukaan-ke-udara.
It was
not long before horrific images of the crash started to appear on social media.
Local residents who witnessed the tragedy, described gruesome experiences of
witnessing bodies falling from the sky and parts of the plane’s fuselage still
on fire.
Aleksandr,
a local resident, told RT he heard “a roar and two explosions.” He went out to
see what was going on. “[I] saw a spinning plane without a wing with something
falling out of it. The plane was shot down,” he said. “There were explosions in
the sky. And apart from the loud sounds of the plane itself, I heard the buzz
which fighter jets make.”
July
18, 2014: The blame game kicks off
Before
any investigation into the causes of the crash could be launched, a number of
Western politicians and media outlets started blatantly accusing Russia – or
what they called “pro-Russia rebels” of shooting down the plane with a
surface-to-air missile.
Sementara
itu, Presiden Amerika Syarikat, Barack Obama bercakap tentang "peningkatan
keyakinan" bahawa pesawat Malaysia telah ditembak jatuh oleh peluru
berpandu Buk permukaan-ke-udara yang dilancarkan dari wilayah pemberontak
dikawal. Setakat ini, setahun selepas kejadian tragis itu, Amerika Syarikat
telah tidak mengkemukakan apa-apa keterangan yang besar untuk menyokong
tuntutan ini.
Pada 18
Julai, Ukraine Perkhidmatan Keselamatan dikeluarkan apa yang dipanggil
"perbualan telefon memintas," didakwa membuktikan bahawa pemberontak
Donetsk menembak jatuh MH17 dengan tidak sengaja.
Meanwhile,
the US President Barack Obama talked of “increasing confidence” that the
Malaysian plane was shot down by a Buk surface-to-air missile that was launched
from rebel-controlled territory. To this date, a year on after the tragic
incident, the US has not presented any substantial evidence to support this
claim.
On July
18, the Ukrainian Security Service released what it called “intercepted phone
conversations,” allegedly proving that Donetsk rebels shot down MH17 by
mistake.
Pita
tidak dapat disahkan secara bebas dan telah ditolak oleh pegawai Rusia sebagai
palsu.
Untuk
menyokong dakwaannya, agensi Ukraine kemudian menerbitkan foto yang sepatutnya
untuk memberikan "bukti" bahawa peluru berpandu Buk-M sistem Rusia
telah di wilayahnya. Walau bagaimanapun, ternyata gambar-gambar ini sebenarnya
bulan gambar lama sistem Buk Ukraine. Imej-imej yang telah dipadam dengan cepat
tanpa apa-apa penjelasan.
The
tapes could not be independently verified and were dismissed by Russian
officials as being fakes.
To
support its claims, the Ukrainian agency then published a photo, which was
supposed to provide “proof” that a Russian Buk-M missile system had been on its
territory. However, it turned out these photos were actually month old pictures
of a Ukrainian Buk system. The images were quickly deleted without any
explanation.
Yang
ketara, Kiev terus operasi ketenteraan di kawasan itu di tengah-tengah banyak
panggilan dari masyarakat antarabangsa untuk mengenakan gencatan senjata di
sekitar lokasi kemalangan. Rusia menyuarakan kebimbangan mengenai serangan yang
berterusan di rantau ini, berkata bahawa pihak berkuasa Kiev boleh memohon
untuk "memusnahkan bukti," yang membabitkan peranan mereka dalam
kemalangan itu. Ia mengambil masa sehingga 29 Julai untuk Presiden Ukraine
Petro Poroshenko akhirnya mengatakan bahawa tentera kerajaan bersedia untuk
mengenakan gencatan senjata berhampiran Torez, yang pada hakikatnya, tidak
pernah diperhatikan sepenuhnya.
20
JULAI - 31 JULAI, 2014: Data perakam, badan pulih
Militia
anti-kerajaan di timur Ukraine berjaya memulihkan data perakam pesawat dari
lokasi kemalangan dan lulus mereka ke Belanda, yang akhirnya akan membawa
siasatan antarabangsa. Pasukan itu berkata mereka tidak menemui bukti bahawa
perakam kotak hitam telah diganggu.
Notably,
Kiev continued its military operation in the area amid numerous calls from the
international community to impose ceasefire around the crash site. Russia
expressed concerns over the continuing shelling in the region, saying that the
Kiev authorities may be seeking to “destroy evidence,” which implicates their
role in the crash. It took until July 29 for Ukrainian President Petro
Poroshenko to finally say that government troops were ready to impose a
ceasefire near Torez, which in reality, was never fully observed.
July
20-July 31, 2014: Data recorders, recovering bodies
Anti-government
militias in the east of Ukraine managed to recover the plane’s data recorders
from the crash site and passed them onto the Netherlands, who would eventually
lead the international investigation. The team says they have found no evidence
that the black box recorder was tampered with.
Tech elements resembling black boxes of#MH17 under guard in#Donetsk. Will be given only to intl experts.#borodai(Elemen Tech menyerupai kotak hitam # MH17 di bawah kawalan di # Donetsk. Akan diberikan hanya kepada pakar Intl. #borodai) 8:11 PM - 20 Jul 2014
Monitor
daripada Pertubuhan bagi Keselamatan dan Kerjasama di Eropah (OSCE) bekerjasama
dengan kuasa-kuasa anti-kerajaan dalam usaha untuk mendapatkan semula
badan-badan dari lokasi kemalangan. Belanda kehilangan lebih banyak rakyatnya
semasa tragedi itu daripada mana-mana negara lain, dengan 193 kehilangan nyawa
mereka. Terdapat 43 mangsa, termasuk 15 anak kapal dari Malaysia, manakala 38
warga Australia telah terbunuh.
Monitors from the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) cooperated with anti-government forces in attempting to recover the bodies from the crash site. The Netherlands lost more citizens during the tragedy than any other country, with 193 losing their lives. There were 43 victims, including 15 crew members from Malaysia, while 38 Australians were killed.
Monitors complete visit to Torez RR stn; observed 3 refrigerated wagons w/several dozen body bags said 2 B from #MH17(Monitor lawatan lengkap untuk Torez RR stn; diperhatikan 3 gerabak dalam peti sejuk w/beberapa dozen beg mayat berkata 2 B dari # MH17) 5:27 PM - 20 Jul 2014
Dalam minggu terakhir bulan Julai, pakar penerbangan dari Malaysia tiba di Donetsk, di timur Ukraine, untuk menyiasat kemalangan itu.
In the final week of July, aviation experts from Malaysia arrived in Donetsk, in the east of Ukraine, to investigate the crash.
Intimate candlelight vigil here in Kuala Lumpur for the 298 souls aboard#MH17(Perhimpunan nyalaan lilin intim di Kuala Lumpur untuk 298 jiwa di atas kapal # MH17) 8:07 PM - 19 Jul 2014
Pada akhir bulan, mayat mangsa pertama dari kemalangan MH17 yang telah tiba di Belanda. Pada 31 Julai, pasukan forensik Belanda dan Australia berjaya sampai ke lokasi kemalangan buat kali pertama.
21 Jul 2014: Moscow membentangkan data radar menunjukkan jet Kiev menjejaki MH17
Pada 21 Julai, Kementerian Pertahanan Rusia dibentangkan data radar tentera, yang berkata ianya dikesan jet pejuang Ukraine SU-25 mendapat ketinggian terhadap Boeing-777 pada hari malapetaka. Moscow menggesa Kiev untuk menjelaskan mengapa jet telah mengesan pesawat penumpang. Ukraine enggan mendedahkan maklumat ini.
Kementerian Pertahanan berkata pada saat kemalangan MH17, satu peninjauan satelit Amerika telah terbang di timur Ukraine. Kementerian itu juga menggesa Amerika untuk menerbitkan data yang dirakam oleh satelit.
Di samping itu, MH17 terhempas dalam zon operasi sistem peluru berpandu Buk tentera Ukraine, yang ditempatkan berhampiran dengan zon kemalangan. Kementerian Pertahanan Rusia dibentangkan imej satelit untuk menyokong tuntutan.
By the end of the month, the bodies of the first victims from the MH17 crash had arrived in the Netherlands. On July 31, Dutch and Australian forensic teams managed to reach the crash site for the first time.
July 21, 2014: Moscow presents radar data showing Kiev jet tracking MH17
On July 21, the Russian Defense Ministry presented military radar data, which said it detected a Ukrainian SU-25 fighter jet gaining altitude towards the Boeing-777 on the day of the catastrophe. Moscow urged Kiev to explain why its jet was tracking the passenger plane. Ukraine refused to divulge this information.
The Defense Ministry added that at the moment of the MH17 crash, an American reconnaissance satellite was flying over eastern Ukraine. The ministry also urged the US to publish the data captured by the satellite.
In addition, MH17 crashed within the operating zone of the Ukrainian army’s Buk missile systems, which were stationed close to the crash zone. The Russian Defense ministry presented satellite images to back up its claims.
Sementara itu, Kesatuan Eropah, yang telah enggan untuk melaksanakan sekatan ekonomi terhadap Moscow terhadap krisis Ukraine selama beberapa bulan, keputusan untuk membuat langkah selepas tragedi MH17 itu. Sekatan utama menentang Rusia termasuklah menutup pasaran modal EU untuk milik bank-bank negara Rusia, sekatan ke atas penjualan senjata ke Rusia, dan sekatan ke atas bekalan dwi-guna dan teknologi tenaga.
September 2014: penyiasat Belanda melepaskan laporan awal
Terdapat 2 siasatan selari ke dalam bencana itu, kedua-dua yang diketuai oleh Belanda. Yang pertama dijalankan oleh Lembaga Keselamatan Belanda dan sedang mengkaji punca kemalangan. Yang ke-2, siasatan tertutup sedang dijalankan oleh beberapa negara Pasukan Siasatan Bersama (JIT), adalah suatu siasatan jenayah.
Laporan awal terhadap punca-punca kemalangan yang dikeluarkan oleh Lembaga Keselamatan Belanda pada 9 September berkata MH17 turun akibat kerosakan struktur yang disebabkan oleh sejumlah besar objek bertenaga tinggi yang melanda Boeing dari luar. Para penyiasat Belanda berkata, "tidak ada tanda-tanda" yang tragedi itu telah mencetuskan "oleh kesilapan teknikal atau dengan tindakan anak-anak kapal."
Meanwhile, the EU, which had been reluctant to implement economic sanctions against Moscow over the Ukrainian crisis for several months, decided to make the move after the MH17 tragedy. Key restrictions against Russia included closing EU capital markets to state-owned Russian banks, an embargo on arms sales to Russia, and restrictions on the supply of dual-use and energy technologies.
There are two parallel investigations into the disaster, both headed by the Dutch. The first is being carried out by the Dutch Safety Board and is looking into the cause of the crash. The second, a closed investigation being undertaken by several countries of the Joint Investigation Team (JIT), is a criminal inquiry.
The preliminary report into the causes of the crash released by the Dutch Safety Board on September 9 said that MH17 went down as a result of structural damage caused by a large number of high-energy objects that struck the Boeing from the outside. The Dutch investigators said, “there are no indications” that the tragedy was triggered “by a technical fault or by actions of the crew.”
The fact that there were many pieces of aircraft structure distributed over large area indicated that the aircraft broke up in the air#MH17 (Hakikat bahawa terdapat banyak keping struktur pesawat berkecai di kawasan yang besar menunjukkan bahawa pesawat berpecah di udara # MH17)
Damage was consistent with damage that would be expected from large number of high-energy objects that penetrated the aircraft from outside. (Kerosakan adalah konsisten dengan kerosakan yang dijangkakan dari jumlah besar objek tenaga tinggi yang menembusi pesawat dari luar.) 4:09 PM - 9 Sep 2014
Perakam suara kokpit, perakam data penerbangan dan data daripada kawalan trafik udara semua mencadangkan bahawa pesawat Malaysia Airlines telah meneruskan seperti biasa sehingga 13:20:03 GMT, selepas penerbangan berakhir tiba-tiba, kata laporan itu.
The cockpit voice recorder, the flight data recorder and data from air traffic control all suggested that the Malaysia Airlines plane was proceeding as normal until 13:20:03 GMT, after which the flight ended abruptly, the report added.
Walau bagaimanapun, menurut pengkritik siasatan, laporan itu meninggalkan terlalu banyak soalan.
Pada 17 September, sebuah syarikat penyiasatan Wifka, yang berpangkalan di Schleswig-Holstein, utara Jerman berkata bahawa ia telah dipertanggungjawabkan untuk menyiasat kes mengapa pesawat itu terhempas. Agensi itu menambah bahawa klien tanpa nama berkata mereka akan membayar $ 30 juta kepada sesiapa yang dapat memberi bukti yang akan mengenal pasti yang berada di balik menenggak pesawat.
Oktober 2014: Ketua Pendakwa Belanda 'membuka' kepada tuntutan menenggak peluru berpandu udara-ke-udara
Pada 19 Oktober, laporan Der Spiegel memetik BND agensi perisikan asing Jerman mendakwa militia tempatan menembak jatuh MH17. BND dikatakan mempunyai "bukti yang mencukupi," walaupun tiada ianya telah didedahkan kepada umum.
Sementara itu, akhbar itu melaporkan bahawa Ketua Pendakwa Belanda menyiasat kemalangan itu berkata bahawa dia telah tidak dikecualikan kemungkinan bahawa pesawat itu mungkin telah ditembak jatuh dari udara.
November 2014: Malaysia dikecualikan daripada siasatan
Hanya 4 bulan selepas kemalangan itu, para penyiasat Belanda mula mengangkut lebih daripada serpihan pesawat dari lokasi kemalangan, manakala lebih banyak mayat telah ditemui. Aktivis hak asasi manusia ditangani PBB dan OSCE itu dengan memberi amaran bahawa siasatan sedang sama ada ditangguhkan dengan sengaja atau ditindas.
Malaysia, negara yang memiliki jet Boeing-777, telah dikecualikan daripada Pasukan Bersama Siasatan (JIT), yang telah menjalankan siasatan jenayah ke dalam menenggak pesawat. Langkah ini telah ditafsirkan sebagai akibat berkecuali politik negara di media kebangsaan. Belanda, Belgium, Ukraine, dan Australia, adalah 4 negara yang membentuk JIT.
Disember 2014: keluarga Mangsa 'menangani PBB,
menyeru untuk mengambil alih siasatan
20 saudara-mara dari Belgium, Jerman, Belanda dan Amerika Syarikat ditangani Belanda mencadangkan bahawa PBB harus mengambil alih siasatan yang menenggak pesawat penumpang dan menyalahkan Belanda untuk "sepenuhnya botching" Siasatan pencarian fakta itu dan rangka kerja undang-undang kes itu, Reuters melaporkan pada Disember 5. Beberapa hari kemudian, Belanda menolak permintaan.
However, according to critics of the investigation, the report left too many questions.
On September 17, an investigation company Wifka, based in Schleswig-Holstein, north Germany said that it has been charged with investigating the case of why the plane crashed. The agency added that an anonymous client said they would pay $30 million to whoever was able to provide evidence that would identify who was behind the downing of the plane.
On October 19, a report by Der Spiegel citing Germany’s BND foreign intelligence agency claimed that local militia shot down MH17. The BND was said to possess “ample evidence,”though none of it has been made public..
Meanwhile, the newspaperreportedthat the chief Dutch prosecutor investigating the crash said that he had not excluded the possibility that the aircraft might have been shot down from the air.
November, 2014: Malaysia excluded from probe
Only four months after the crash, the Dutch investigators began to transport more of the plane’s debris from the crash site, while more human remains were discovered. Human rights activists addressed the UN and the OSCE, warning that the investigation was being either delayed on purpose or suppressed.
Malaysia, the country that owned the Boeing-777 jet, was excluded from the Joint Investigation Team (JIT), which was carrying out a criminal probe into the downing of the plane. This move was interpreted as being due to the country’s political neutrality in the national media. The Netherlands, Belgium, Ukraine, and Australia, were the four nations making up the JIT.
December, 2014: Victims’ families address UN, urge to take over probe
Twenty relatives from Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and the US addressed the Netherlands suggesting that the UN should take over the investigation into the downing of the passenger plane and blamed the Dutch for “completely botching” the fact-finding investigation and the legal framework of the case, Reuters reported on December 5. Several days later, the Netherlands rejected the demand.
Most passengers were Dutch nationality There were 9 other
nationalities such as British, Australian & Malaysian#MH17(Kebanyakan
penumpang adalah kewarganegaraan Belanda Terdapat 9 negara lain seperti
British, Australia & Malaysia # MH17) 2:57 PM -
17 Jul 2015
Pada
masa yang sama laporan yang dibuat oleh The Sunday Times mendakwa Eropah
pengawal kawalan trafik udara telah menggesa Kiev untuk menutup tenggara
Ukraine untuk hari pesawat awam sebelum penerbangan MH17 yang telah dijatuhkan.
Walau bagaimanapun, pengakuan itu tidak diendahkan oleh pihak berkuasa
tempatan.
Januari,
2015: Rusia memerlukan awal hasil siasatan MH17
Kementerian
Luar Rusia menuduh negara Barat lupa tentang siasatan tragedi MH17 itu, sambil
menambah bahawa Moscow mahu sekurang-kurangnya beberapa keputusan awal yang
akan diterbitkan.
"Barat
mengenakan sekatan [di Rusia] dengan dalih malapetaka Boeing Malaysia,"
kata Rusia Sergey Lavrov FM pada 12 Januari, sambil menambah bahawa
negara-negara Barat telah "benar-benar lupa masalah ini."
Mac
2015: Perbahasan reignited oleh ketua pereka jet SU-25 ini
Kiev
kelahiran Soviet dan Rusia pereka pesawat Vladimir Babak memberitahu media
Jerman bahawa jet SU-25 - ditemui oleh Moscow menjejaki MH17 - yang didakwa
tidak mempunyai keupayaan untuk menembak jatuh pesawat penumpang. Beliau
berkata, jet pejuang itu boleh berjaya menyerang Boeing pada ketinggian
3000-4000 meter, tetapi tidak pada ketinggian pesawat daripada 10,500 meter.
Beliau menambah bahawa peluru berpandu udara-ke-udara akan hanya merosakkan
Boeing - tidak sepenuhnya memusnahkan ia, ketika masih di udara.
At the
same time a report made by The Sunday Times claimed that the European air
traffic control regulator had urged Kiev to close the southeast of Ukraine for
civilian aircraft days before the MH17 flight was downed. However, the plea was
ignored by the local authorities.
January,
2015: Russia calls for preliminary MH17 probe results
The
Russian Foreign Ministry accused the Western states of forgetting about the
investigation of the MH17 tragedy, adding that Moscow wanted at least some
preliminary results to be published.
“The West imposed sanctions [on Russia] under
the pretext of the catastrophe of the Malaysian Boeing,” said Russian FM
Sergey Lavrov on January 12, adding that Western countries have since “completely forgotten this problem.”
March
2015: Debate reignited by SU-25 jet’s chief designer
Kiev-born
Soviet and Russian aircraft designer Vladimir Babak told the German media that
the SU-25 jet – spotted by Moscow tracking MH17 – allegedly did not have the
capability to shoot down a passenger plane. He said the fighter jet could have
successfully attacked the Boeing at an altitude of 3,000-4,000 meters, but not
at the plane’s altitude of 10,500 meters. He added that air-to-air missiles
would have only damaged the Boeing – not completely destroying it, while still
in the air.
Walau bagaimanapun, RT bercakap kepada bekas juruterbang, yang tidak bersetuju dengan pandangan Babak ini. Sebaliknya, mereka berkata bahawa SU-25 mampu terbang pada ketinggian yang tinggi dan boleh membawa peluru berpandu berkuasa.
However, RT spoke to former pilots, who disagreed with Babak’s views. On the contrary, they said that the SU-25 is capable of flying at high altitudes and can carry powerful missiles.
Reuters published a report of witnesses’ statements, in which people said they had seen a rocket fired at the time of Malaysian Boeing crash. Moscow condemned the report saying that it was an attempt at “distorting facts, enforcing versions on what could have happened . . . with some based on openly dirty intentions.”
However, a resident from the Lugansk Region, whom Reuters cited as saying he saw a surface-to-air missile launched from rebel-held territory on the day MH17 was downed, told RT, the news agency misinterpreted what he said.
June, 2015: Russia identifies key witness in MH17 downing
Malaysia Airlines appointed a new CEO Christoph Mueller, who announced the company is “technically bankrupt.”
Meanwhile, the Buk missile manufacturer Almaz-Antey conducted its own probe into the MH17 tragedy. The investigation, while focusing on a Buk missile theory, did not exclude the possibility that the Boeing was hit by another type of weapon, such as an air-to-air missile.
Also in June, a British online investigative group Bellingcat accused Russia of altering satellite images from the MH17 disaster. However, image forensics experts have discredited the analysis.
March, 2015: Reuters ‘witness report’ on MH17
Reuters published a report of witnesses’ statements, in which people said they had seen a rocket fired at the time of Malaysian Boeing crash. Moscow condemned the report saying that it was an attempt at “distorting facts, enforcing versions on what could have happened… with some based on openly dirty intentions.”
However, a resident from the Lugansk Region, whom Reuters cited as saying he saw a surface-to-air missile launched from rebel-held territory on the day MH17 was downed, told RT, the news agency misinterpreted what he said.
June, 2015: Russia identifies key witness in MH17 downing
Malaysia Airlines appointed a new CEO Christoph Mueller, who announced the company is “technically bankrupt.”
Meanwhile, the Buk missile manufacturer Almaz-Antey conducted its own probe into the MH17 tragedy. The investigation, while focusing on a Buk missile theory, did not exclude the possibility that the Boeing was hit by another type of weapon, such as an air-to-air missile.
Also in June, a British online investigative group Bellingcat accused Russia of altering satellite images from the MH17 disaster. However, image forensics experts have discredited the analysis.
Next we're thinking we'll look at the launch site and the field with track marks on July 16th, see if they're there (Seterusnya kita terfikir kita akan melihat di tapak pelancaran dan padang dengan tanda trek pada 16 Julai, sama ada mereka berada di sana) 2:15 PM - 2 Jun 2015
Sementara itu, Jawatankuasa Siasatan Rusia (IC) telah menjalankan siasatan sendiri ke dalam kemalangan. Pada 3 Jun, IC mengenal pasti saksi utama kepada kemalangan MH17 sebagai Evgeny Agapov, mekanik persenjataan penerbangan di Tentera Udara Ukraine. Agapov memberi keterangan bahawa pada 17 Julai 2014 yang SU-25 pesawat jet Sukhoi Ukraine dipandu oleh Kapten Voloshin "yang dibentangkan untuk tugas tentera" dan dikembalikan tanpa peluru. Agapov tersirat bahawa peluru berpandu udara-ke-udara telah hilang dan mendakwa dia terdengar Voloshin berkata kepada rakan-rakannya bahawa beberapa kapal terbang adalah "di tempat yang salah pada waktu yang salah."
Meanwhile, Russia’s Investigative Committee (IC) has been conducting its own investigation into the crash. On June 3, the IC identified the key witness to the MH17 crash as Evgeny Agapov, an aviation armaments mechanic in the Ukrainian Air Force. Agapov testified that on July 17, 2014 a Ukrainian Sukhoi SU-25 jet aircraft piloted by Captain Voloshin “set out for a military task” and returned without ammunition. Agapov implied that an air-to-air missile was missing and claimed he overheard Voloshin say to his colleagues that some plane was “in the wrong place at the wrong time.”
Julai, 2015: Malaysia memerlukan tribunal antarabangsa
Pada 14 Julai, Malaysia telah mengemukakan draf resolusi kepada Majlis Keselamatan PBB untuk menubuhkan sebuah tribunal antarabangsa untuk mendakwa mereka yang terbabit kemalangan.
Rusia mengkritik permintaan Malaysia dan pada 16 Julai, Presiden Rusia Vladimir Putin menyifatkan panggilan sebagai pra-matang.
July, 2015: Malaysia calls for international tribunal
On July 14, Malaysia submitted a draft resolution to the UN Security Council to establish an international tribunal to prosecute those behind the crash.
Russia criticized Malaysia’s demand and on July 16, the Russian President Vladimir Putin described the calls as premature.
#Lavrov:All our attempts, to organise a discussion of the investigation, were blocked by the countries that are now advocating a tribunal (#Lavrov: Semua percubaan kami, untuk mengadakan perbincangan siasatan, telah disekat oleh negara-negara yang kini menyokong tribunal) 6:59 PM - 17 Jul 2015
Lebih banyak yang belum disahkan "bocor" laporan muncul pada minggu-minggu pertama bulan Julai. CNN terbitkan akaun pada 15 Julai memetik pegawai tanpa nama didakwa biasa dengan laporan Belanda sulit muktamad mengenai kemalangan itu. Ia mendakwa bahawa penyiasat menyalahkan pemberontak untuk menyerang.
More unconfirmed “leaked” reports surfaced in the first weeks of July. CNN published an account on July 15 citing anonymous officials allegedly familiar with the final confidential Dutch report on the crash. It claimed that the investigators blamed the rebels for the attack.
Jurucakap Belanda Keselamatan Lembaga kepada RT, para penyiasat "tidak dapat mengesahkan" maklumat ini. Jurucakap itu berkata, laporan mengenai punca segera tragedi itu dijadualkan akan dikeluarkan pada awal bulan Oktober.
Pada 15 Julai, IC Russia berulang bahawa versi di mana pesawat Malaysia Airlines MH17 telah dijatuhkan oleh peluru berpandu udara-ke-udara adalah satu keutamaan bagi mereka. Ia juga dinamakan sebagai pakar-pakar membuktikan bahawa peluru berpandu itu tidak dikeluarkan di Rusia.
The Dutch Safety Board spokesperson told RT, the investigators “cannot confirm” this information. The spokesperson added that the report on the immediate causes of the tragedy is due to be released in early October.
On July 15, the Russian IC repeated that the version in which the Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was downed by an air-to-air missile was a priority for them. It also cited experts as establishing that the missile was not manufactured in Russia.
Meanwhile, the Russian Federal Air Transport Agency rebuked claims that the plane could have been shot down by a ground-to-air missile from the areas controlled by anti-government militias in the east of Ukraine.
